The high-voltage components and their functions of new energy vehicles can be summarized as follows:
1. Power battery: As the main energy storage device for new energy vehicles, the power battery is responsible for storing electrical energy and supplying it to the driving motor when needed. It is usually composed of multiple lithium-ion battery modules, which have the characteristics of high voltage and large capacity, directly affecting the vehicle's range, charging time, and efficiency.
2. Drive motor and motor controller: Drive motor: converts the electrical energy in the power battery into mechanical energy to drive the vehicle. Its working efficiency is much higher than that of traditional fuel vehicles' engines, reaching over 85%, resulting in a higher energy utilization rate. Motor controller: responsible for converting high-voltage direct current into alternating current and controlling the working state of the driving motor, such as speed, torque, etc. At the same time, it can also interact with other modules to achieve precise control of the driving motor.
3. High voltage distribution box: As a power distribution device for the vehicle's high voltage electricity, the high voltage distribution box is responsible for distributing high voltage direct current from the power battery to various high voltage components, such as drive motors, air conditioning compressors, etc. At the same time, it also has functions such as short-circuit protection and overload protection to ensure the safe operation of the vehicle's high-voltage system.
4. Car charger: a device that converts alternating current into direct current. When using AC power for charging, the car charger can convert the AC power from the grid into high-voltage DC power, thereby charging the power battery.
5. DC/DC converter: a device that converts high voltage direct current into low voltage direct current. Due to the low voltage rating of the vehicle's electrical appliances, the DC/DC converter can ensure the balance of the vehicle's electricity consumption and meet the needs of various low-voltage electrical equipment.
6. Electric compressor: As the power source for the air conditioning system cycle of new energy vehicles, the electric compressor is driven by high-voltage electricity to provide cooling or heating functions for the interior of the vehicle.
7. PTC heater: In low-temperature environments, PTC heaters can provide necessary heat to the battery pack, ensuring its normal operation and extending its service life.
8. High voltage wiring harness: a cable system that connects various high-voltage components and is responsible for transmitting electrical energy to each component. High voltage wiring harnesses need to meet the requirements of high insulation performance and withstand voltage level to ensure electrical safety.
The above components together constitute the high-voltage system of new energy vehicles, providing a power source for the vehicle and ensuring its safe and stable operation under various working conditions.