The fertilization time of grapes is a relatively flexible but scientifically arranged process, which is mainly determined based on various factors such as grape growth cycle, soil conditions, climate conditions, and tree vigor. Generally speaking, the fertilization of grapes can be divided into two categories: base fertilizer and topdressing, and their fertilization time varies. 1、 Fertilization time of base fertilizer
Base fertilizer is the foundation for grape growth throughout the year, and fertilization is generally carried out after the grapevine leaves fall and before the soil freezes, or after the soil thaws and before sprouting in early spring. The main purpose of fertilization at this time is to supplement soil nutrients, promote root growth, and lay a solid foundation for the growth and fruiting of grapevines in the coming year. Organic fertilizers should be the main source of base fertilizers, such as composted farmyard manure, cake fertilizers, etc. They can not only provide rich nutrients, but also improve soil structure and enhance soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. 2、 Fertilization time for topdressing
Topdressing is a supplementary fertilizer applied during grape growth based on the growth needs of grapes and soil nutrient conditions. The fertilization time for grapes is relatively flexible, but mainly concentrated in the following key periods:
1. Before sprouting: At this time, the grapevine is about to enter the growth period and needs to be fertilized once to promote new shoot growth and flower bud differentiation, and increase fruit setting rate. The fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with a moderate combination of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
2. Before flowering: Apply pre flowering fertilizer about a week before grape flowering. At this stage, the fertilizer demand is mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, supplemented by a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, to promote the development of flower organs, improve pollination and fertilization rates, and reduce the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits.
3. Fruit swelling period: This is an important stage for grape growth and also the period when the amount of fertilizer required is the highest. At this time, it is necessary to apply expanded fruit fertilizer, mainly potassium fertilizer, in combination with appropriate amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Potassium fertilizer can effectively promote fruit enlargement, improve fruit quality and sugar content; Moderate nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers help maintain leaf function, ensure the normal progress of photosynthesis, and provide sustained nutritional support for fruits.
4. Fruit color transformation period: After entering the fruit color transformation period, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced, and the proportion of potassium and phosphorus fertilizers should be increased to promote fruit coloring and sugar accumulation.
5. After fruit harvesting: After grape harvesting, post harvest fertilizer should be applied promptly to restore tree vigor, promote nutrient accumulation, and prepare for growth in the following year. The post harvest fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by a small amount of compound fertilizer. 3、 Other precautions
1. Scientific formula: Based on soil testing results and grape growth needs, develop a scientifically reasonable fertilization plan to avoid nutrient waste or soil pollution caused by blind fertilization.
2. Timely and moderate: grasp the timing of fertilization, control the amount of fertilization, and avoid excessive fertilization leading to root burning or nutrient excess.
3. Uniform fertilization: Adopt methods such as trench application, hole application, or spreading to ensure that fertilizer is evenly distributed around the root system and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.
4. Water fertilizer integration: Combining irrigation for fertilization, improving fertilizer absorption efficiency, and reducing nutrient loss.
5. Pay attention to the supplementation of trace elements: In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it is also necessary to pay attention to the supplementation of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, and zinc to ensure the quality and yield of the fruit.
The fertilization time of grapes should be scientifically arranged according to their growth cycle and nutrient requirements. Reasonable fertilization can promote the growth and development of grapes, improve yield and quality.