The working principle of new energy hybrid vehicles can be summarized as follows:
1. Power source collaborative work: New energy hybrid vehicles are usually equipped with two or more power sources, mainly including motor drive systems, engines, and battery packs. These power sources work together through complex control systems to meet various needs of vehicle operation. At the beginning of vehicle operation, the battery is usually in a fully charged state, and its energy output is sufficient to meet the needs of vehicle starting and low-speed driving. At this time, the electric motor serves as the main power source, providing driving force, while the engine is in a dormant or low load state to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.
2. Power mode switching: Pure electric mode: During low-speed driving or acceleration, the car is completely powered by the electric motor driven by the battery, while the internal combustion engine is in a stopped state and does not generate power. Hybrid drive mode: When driving at high speeds or requiring greater power output, the internal combustion engine and electric motor work together to provide power. The two dynamically coordinate based on driving conditions and energy requirements to achieve optimal performance and efficiency. Charging mode: When the kinetic energy generated by the internal combustion engine exceeds the power required by the car, the excess kinetic energy is used to charge the battery, and the internal combustion engine acts as a generator. Braking energy recovery mode: When the car decelerates or brakes, the electric motor will run in reverse, converting the kinetic energy generated during the braking process into electrical energy, which is stored in the battery to improve energy utilization efficiency.
3. Energy management and optimization: The hybrid system will flexibly adjust the working status of the engine and electric motor according to the vehicle's driving conditions. For example, when the energy demand of the vehicle is high, the engine and electric motor work simultaneously to provide energy for the drive system; When the energy demand of the vehicle is low, the engine not only provides power, but also charges the battery pack through the generator, achieving energy recovery and reuse. This flexible energy management strategy enables hybrid vehicles to achieve optimal energy efficiency under different driving conditions, significantly reducing fuel consumption and emissions.
New energy hybrid vehicles have achieved the goals of energy conservation, emission reduction, and improved fuel economy through the collaborative work of power sources, intelligent switching of power modes, and optimization of energy management.