The durable batteries for new energy vehicles mainly include the following:
1. Lithium iron phosphate battery: Advantages: Its stability is currently the best among lithium batteries used in vehicles, and it can withstand about 3000 charge and discharge cycles. Taking a 75 degree battery as an example, even with a utilization rate of only 70%, its energy consumption is only 15 degrees per 100 kilometers, which means that under normal use, it can travel over 1.05 million kilometers, and even with a 50% discount, it can easily reach 500000 kilometers. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have high safety. Disadvantage: There is still a significant gap in energy density compared to ternary lithium batteries and lithium cobalt oxide batteries. Another issue is that when the temperature is below -5 ℃, the charging efficiency decreases, and at low temperatures, it can affect the battery's capacitance. The models using lithium iron phosphate batteries are not very suitable for driving in the north, especially in extremely cold regions such as Northeast China.
2. Ternary lithium batteries: Advantages: Compared to lithium cobalt oxide batteries, ternary lithium batteries have higher safety and are more suitable for the development trend of future new energy vehicle batteries. They are suitable for northern weather and are more stable in low temperatures. Its charging and discharging cycles are about 2000 times. Calculated based on a 100 degree battery, the energy consumption after 20% discount is only 17 degrees per 100 kilometers, and it can travel nearly 940000 kilometers. After 50% discount, it also has 470000 kilometers. Disadvantage: The voltage is relatively low, and the energy density is between that of lithium iron phosphate batteries and lithium cobalt oxide batteries.
3. Graphene battery: Advantages: This new energy battery can compress several hours of charging time into less than one minute. Due to the addition of graphene in lithium batteries, it can help reduce the heat generated during production, achieve the goal of reducing energy loss, avoid a large amount of energy being wasted, reduce the damage of heat to the battery, and improve the service life of the battery. Disadvantage: The cost is too expensive to be widely applied at present.
Although sodium batteries are considered the top choice in terms of durability for electric vehicle batteries, with a lifespan of over 10 years, their application in the field of new energy vehicles is relatively limited and mostly in the experimental or research and development stage.
Durable batteries in new energy vehicles mainly include lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries, and promising graphene batteries. When making a choice, it is necessary to make a decision based on specific usage environments, performance requirements, and cost considerations.