The main reasons for male infertility are as follows:
1. Congenital factors: including testicular developmental abnormalities, severe hypospadias, male chromosomal abnormalities, etc.
2. Acquired factors:
Reproductive tract infection: such as urinary tract infection, epididymitis, prostatitis, seminal vesiculitis and other infectious diseases, as well as vas deferens obstruction, azoospermia, etc.
Sexual dysfunction: such as impotence, premature ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, or non ejaculation.
Systemic factors: such as systemic high fever, kidney disease, etc.
Endocrine factors: mainly including gonadal dysfunction or underdevelopment, as well as pituitary diseases, leading to testicular dysfunction or low testosterone and androgen levels.
Abnormal sperm: such as idiopathic oligozoospermia, idiopathic asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, or decreased sperm quality due to mental stress, smoking, drinking, and other unhealthy lifestyle habits.
Immunological factors: Infertility caused by autoimmune factors such as anti sperm antibodies.
Other diseases: such as orchitis caused by mumps, leading to testicular atrophy; Varicocele affects sperm motility and survival rate; And lifestyle factors such as prolonged sitting, lack of exercise, obesity, and unhealthy diet.
3. Iatrogenic factors: such as penile loss caused by trauma or iatrogenic factors.