The characteristics of oil electric hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and range extender can be summarized as follows:
1. Working principle of hybrid electric vehicle: The hybrid electric vehicle combines a fuel engine and an electric motor. The electric motor serves as an auxiliary power source to provide power during starting, acceleration, and other working conditions, while recovering energy during deceleration and braking. Advantages: No need to rely on external charging facilities, and the convenience of use is close to that of traditional fuel vehicles; Significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions through an efficient energy management system; Under long-term use, the saved fuel costs can offset some of the increase in car purchase costs. Disadvantages: Pure electric driving range is relatively short, mainly relying on fuel engines; The purchase cost is higher than that of gasoline cars in the same class, and some policy discounts for pure electric or plug-in hybrid models cannot be enjoyed.
2. Working principle of plug-in hybrid: The plug-in hybrid model combines a traditional fuel engine with a large capacity power battery, which can be charged through an external power source to achieve a longer pure electric driving range. When the battery is fully charged, prioritize using electric motor drive; When the battery level drops, the fuel engine intervenes, which can charge the battery or directly drive the vehicle. Advantages: Strong electric driving capability, able to achieve zero emissions during short distance driving in urban areas; During long-distance travel, there is also a fuel engine as a range guarantee to eliminate range anxiety; Some countries and regions provide policy support such as car purchase subsidies, free or discounted charging, and no lottery. Disadvantages: High manufacturing cost, large vehicle weight may affect handling performance and fuel economy; Regular charging is required and there is a strong dependence on charging facilities; The durability of batteries needs to be considered, as long-term use may affect performance.
3. Working principle of range extender: Range extender hybrid vehicles are essentially electric vehicles, with their main power source coming from the electric motor. The fuel engine is only used as a range extender, starting when the battery is low to charge the battery and not directly involved in driving the vehicle. Advantages: It has the driving experience of an electric vehicle, with a long pure electric range and no range anxiety; The engine only operates under optimal operating conditions, with lower energy consumption and overall emissions lower than traditional fuel vehicles; Some countries and regions provide policy support similar to plug-in hybrid models. Disadvantages: The structure is relatively complex and the manufacturing cost is high; The efficiency of the range extender when charging the battery is lower than that of a direct drive vehicle, which may result in higher fuel consumption; If frequently in extended range mode, engine noise and vibration may affect ride comfort.